This report discusses how the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality should be modernized. On April 3, 2018, Governor Northam signed Executive Order Number Six (EO-6): Supporting the Critical Role of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality in Protection of Virginia’s Air, Water, and Public Health. The purpose of EO-6 was to begin a process to thoroughly assess the Department of Environmental Quality’s (DEQ) ability to carry out its mission, and identify areas where additional funding or authorities are necessary to protect Virginia’s environment. This report is the culmination of that process.